Project Configuration

Basic Structure

The config.lua file is set up using a content table nested within a application table as follows:

application =
{
    content =
    {
        -- Parameters
    }
}

Content Scaling

Since most apps are developed for multiple devices and screen resolutions, Corona features several content scaling options. This allows you to use a common set of screen coordinates while Corona automatically scales text, vector objects, and images to different resolutions depending on the device.

Corona can scale both upward or downward depending on your starting resolution. It can also substitute image files of differing resolution when needed, ensuring that your app appears clear and sharp on all devices (see Dynamic Image Selection below).

application =
{
    content =
    {
        width = 320,
        height = 480,
    }
}

scale

The scaling method of the content area is determined by the scale value. If you omit this (not recommended), the width and height values will be ignored and the content area will be set to the device’s actual pixel width and height.

application =
{
    content =
    {
        width = 320,
        height = 480,
        scale = "letterbox",
    }
}

The possible scale values include the following:

• "letterbox" — scales the content area to fill the screen while preserving the same aspect ratio. The entire content area will reside on the screen, but this might result in “black bars” on devices with aspect ratios that differ from your content aspect ratio. Note, however, that you can still utilize this “blank” area and fill it with visual elements by positioning them or extending them outside the content area bounds. Essentially, "letterbox" is an ideal scale mode if you want to ensure that everything in your content area appears within the screen bounds on all devices.

• "zoomEven" — scales the content area to fill the screen while preserving the same aspect ratio. Some content may “bleed” off the screen edges on devices with aspect ratios that differ from your content aspect ratio. Basically, "zoomEven" is a good option to ensure that the entire screen is filled by the content area on all devices (and content clipping near the outer edges is acceptable).

letterbox	zoomEven

• "adaptive" — instead of a static content area, a dynamic content width and height is chosen based on the device. See the Adaptive Scaling (Resolution Independence) guide for details. Note that "adaptive" mode is not supported for macOS desktop apps or Win32 desktop apps.

• "zoomStretch" — scales the content area to fill the entire screen on any device, ignoring the content aspect ratio. This mode should be used with caution since it will stretch/warp images and text if the device’s aspect ratio doesn’t exactly match the content area’s aspect ratio.

application =
{
    content =
    {
        width = 320,
        height = 480,
        scale = "letterbox",
        xAlign = "left",
        yAlign = "top"
    }
}

Dynamic Image Selection

In addition to content scaling, Corona supports dynamic image selection. If you are developing an app for both normal and Retina/HD devices, you should not rely on Corona to simply scale one set of images across a wide array of screen resolutions. There are several issues related to this:

1. If you design all of your images in low resolution and allow Corona to scale them up for Retina/HD devices, the images will appear blurry or pixelated. Not only will this result in poor visual appearance, but it may cause the app to be rejected before it reaches the marketplace.

2. In contrast, if you design all of your images for Retina/HD and allow Corona to scale them down for lower resolution devices, the larger images will require the same amount of texture memory on those devices. This may adversely affect the performance of your app — or worse, those images will not appear if they exceed the maximum texture size on a device.

The solution is to create multiple versions of every image, tailored for two or three different resolutions, and name them according to the “image set” they belong to. On each device, Corona will automatically select images from the set that most closely matches the content area and scale.

To set up dynamic image selection, you must include an imageSuffix table within the content table. Inside this table, declare at least one key-value pair consisting of an image suffix and a scale factor.

imageSuffix =
{
    ["@2x"] = 2.0,
    ["@4x"] = 4.0
}

As indicated, each image suffix must be specified within brackets and quotes as in ["@2x"]. The suffix can be named whatever you want, but it should be short and logical since you must append the same suffix to all image files designed for that image set. When adding a suffix to each image file, do not include the bracket or quotes — just append the suffix itself, for example [email protected] or [email protected].

The second part of each declaration is the scale factor. This value specifies the scale threshold above which Corona will use images in that suffix set. The following code can help you determine the proper values:

-- For if your app is in portrait orientation:
print( display.pixelWidth / display.actualContentWidth )

-- For if your app is in landscape orientation:
print( display.pixelWidth / display.actualContentHeight )

Add this code to your project, access the Corona Simulator, and use Window → View As to simulate different devices. Note the output in the Corona Simulator Console — this is the scale factor for the device. If the value on a particular device is greater than or equal to the number you specify for the scale factor, Corona will use images from that suffix set.

application = 
{
    content = 
    { 
        width = 320,
        height = 480,
        scale = "letterbox",
        xAlign = "center",
        yAlign = "center",
        
        imageSuffix =
        {
            ["@2x"] = 1.5
        }
    }
}

Content Properties

Several properties are exposed within Corona to help you work with scaled content, including those mentioned below. Please refer to the API Reference for a complete list.

• display.contentWidth and display.contentHeight — read-only properties representing the original width and height of the content, in pixels.

• display.pixelWidth and display.pixelHeight — read-only properties representing the entire screen width and height, in pixels.

• display.viewableContentWidth and display.viewableContentHeight — read-only properties representing the viewable width and height. This is useful if you’re using zoomEven scaling, as it will reveal the viewable (uncropped) measurements, in pixels.

• display.actualContentWidth and display.actualContentHeight — read-only properties representing the width and height in Corona content units of the screen. The result depends on the scale setting mentioned above.

• display.contentCenterX and display.contentCenterY — read-only properties representing the center of the content area, useful for positioning objects along either central axis.

Runtime Errors

In the Corona Simulator, there is a setting under Preferences called Show Runtime Errors which defaults to on. This global setting triggers pop-up error messages while running an app in the Simulator. If you don’t like this feature or if it doesn’t fit your workflow, you can turn it off.

You can also set this on a per-app basis from config.lua to control error messages while running the app on a device. showRuntimeErrors accepts a boolean value (true or false). The default depends on whether the app is built for distribution: if an app is built with a developer provisioning profile or the debug keystore then showRuntimeErrors will default to true, otherwise it will default to false. Obviously, an explicit setting will override the default.

application =
{
    showRuntimeErrors = true,
}

function myUnhandledErrorListener( event )

    local iHandledTheError = true

    if ( iHandledTheError ) then
        print( "Handling the unhandled error", event.errorMessage )
    else
        print( "Not handling the unhandled error", event.errorMessage )
    end
    
    return iHandledTheError
end

Runtime:addEventListener( "unhandledError", myUnhandledErrorListener )

Frame Rate (fps)

The default frame rate is 30 frames per second, but you can set it to 60 frames per second by adding the fps key. Values other than 30 or 60 will be ignored.

application =
{
    content =
    {
        fps = 60,
    }
}

App Licensing

The Corona licensing library lets you confirm that the app was bought from a store. To implement licensing, the license table must be added to the application table of config.lua:

application =
{
    license =
    {
        google =
        {
            key = "YOUR_LICENSE_KEY",
        },
    },
}

Please see the licensing documentation for full details on how to implement and execute licensing.

Shader Precision

This is used to override the default shader precision for all OpenGL ES shaders (on devices).

Acceptable values are "highp", "mediump", and "lowp".

You should not specify this unless you absolutely require higher precision and see no performance impact from setting it.

application =
{
    content =
    {
        shaderPrecision = "highp",
    },
}

application =
{
    content =
    {
        shaderPrecision =
        { 
            P_POSITION = "highp",
            P_UV = "mediump",
            P_COLOR = "lowp",
        },
    },
}